Zhang Zongxiang made outstanding contributions to the preservation and promotion of traditional culture. Throughout his life, he transcribed more than 9,000 volumes, most of which were unpublished or rare editions. Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu is a catalog of his “hand-copied books”, but it does not cover all of his hand-copied works. This paper examines the extant versions of Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu, verifies its compilation date, and supplements two entries—Sanfu Huangtu and Ni Wenzheng Gong Ji—omitted from the punctuated edition. It also discusses the relationship between Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu, Tie Ruyi Guan Suibi（Random Notes）, and the postscripts in the books. Based on collections in Zhejiang Library, the National Library of China, and other institutions, the paper further provides textual supplements for 40 books missing from Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu.

Taking Yuyao Library as a case study, this paper analyzes its collaborative practices with volunteer teams, educational and training institutions, universities, enterprises, and higher-level libraries in promoting children’s reading. It identifies four cooperation models: service procurement, project co-construction, public welfare support, and resource sharing. By outlining the characteristics of each model and examining representative cases, the paper explores pathways for enhancing children’s reading promotion in public libraries, including formulating stratified and targeted cooperation strategies, establishing flexible management mechanisms adapted to children’s reading characteristics, advancing digital collaborative innovation, and developing multi-dimensional evaluation systems. The findings aim to provide practical references for strengthening children’s reading promotion in Chinese public libraries.

The rural public cultural services often face a development dilemma of exogenous forces. Through an investigation of the development practices of rural cultural cooperatives in Henan Province, this paper explores the endogenous development mechanisms of rural public cultural services. The findings indicate that such endogenous development relies on three foundational bases: institutional frameworks, local cultural resources, and technological support. On this basis, the endogenous development of rural public cultural services is realized through three core mechanisms: autonomy, collaboration, and resource sharing.

Using the collaborative themed banquets featuring local celebrites between Jiaxing Library and the DoubleTree by Hilton Jiaxing as a case study, this paper explores how public libraries can infuse international hotels with cultural depth through cultural resources development and cultural activities planning. The cooperative practice demonstrates that such a model not only enhances the cultural refinement and market competitiveness of hotels, but also revitalizes and utilizes library resources, offering a replicable model for cultural–tourism integration.

As the primary medium through which the government advances nationwide reading campaigns, policies related to nationwide reading play a pivotal role in promoting reading across China. Based on 409 policy documents, this paper constructs a content classification framework and conducts a quantitative analysis of thematic features and policy instrument types at the national, provincial, and municipal levels. The analysis reveals that China’ s nationwide reading policies mainly emphasize publicity, guidance, and reading activities, while content related to support and safeguard mechanisms remains relatively weak. Clear differences exist in the use of policy tools across levels: national-level policies tend to adopt mandatory instruments, provincial-level policies focus on incentive-based tools, and municipallevel policies predominantly rely on informational means. The frequency of policy issuance is closely linked to major national events and shows an overall declining trend, although the thematic distribution of policies is highly consistent across the three levels. Based on these findings, the paper recommends establishing a multi-level policy coordination mechanism, developing a tiered resource allocation model, incorporating public feedback from nationwide reading participants into the policy-making process, and building a policy pilot and dynamic adjustment mechanism.

Social memory, as a carrier of historical continuity and cultural identity, plays a central role in maintaining the continuity of civilization. Currently, libraries’ engagement with social memory remains largely confined to the traditional archival paradigms, lacking systematic theoretical frameworks and innovative practical mechanisms. This paper introduces the concept of “social memory-oriented special collections” and constructs a four-dimensional driving model—standardization, connotation, collaboration, and integration—based on the SECI model. Using the Zhejiang Folk Literature Special Collection at Hangzhou City University as a case study, the paper demonstrates how process and mechanism innovations can excavate regional cultural values and promote knowledge restructuring and innovation. The paper further proposes that the service practice of special collection resources should be deeply integrated into the university educational ecosystem, enabling the dynamic construction of social memory through research services, scenario-based education, and cultural dissemination.

With the rapid development of digital humanities, the protection and transmission of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) urgently require innovative approaches. Focusing on Tujia bamboo carving, this paper, grounded in the theoretical framework of digital humanities and employing gamified design through the Unity engine, reconstructs a knowledge service system for ICH. By analyzing the historical and cultural significance as well as the craftsmanship of Tujia bamboo carving, it develops an immersive virtual simulation game that transforms traditional craft knowledge into interactive and experiential digital services. It indicates that gamification not only enhances users’ active learning and emotional engagement with ICH knowledge, but also facilitates its dynamic dissemination and co-creation through virtual environments, task mechanisms, and social functions. This paper offers practical insights into reconstructing ICH knowledge services from a digital humanities perspective and provides theoretical support for innovating interdisciplinary models of cultural transmission.

In the new era, digital intelligence literacy has become an essential component of personal core competencies and exerts a profound influence on children’s growth and development. Hence, children’s digital intelligence literacy education requires urgent attention. Based on child psychology, this paper analyzes the developmental stages of children’s digital intelligence literacy and, drawing on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives, it constructs an educational framework across three dimensions: digital intelligence cognition, digital intelligence skills, and digital intelligence ethics. Specifically, digital intelligence cognition includes awareness, identity, and culture; digital intelligence skills comprise knowledge, competence, and thinking; and digital intelligence ethics encompasses safety, psychology, and social contact. Furthermore, the paper proposes pathways for public libraries to implement children’s digital intelligence literacy education, including building multi-source resource systems, creating hybrid learning spaces, innovating service models, and enhancing librarians’ capacity for digital intelligence services.

The paper verifies biographical information on the majority of officials in the Siku Quanshu Compilation Bureau , including their native places and the years in which they attained their highest degree in the imperial examination system, and examines the distributional characteristics of their institutional affiliations, native places, degrees, and the timing of their highest examination achievements. The findings reveal that the Siku Quanshu Compilation Bureau was established in accordance with existing institutional norms, with the Hanlin Academy as its core, and relied heavily on officials drawn from multiple central agencies. Selection was primarily conducted through institutions rather than individuals. The Grand Council was deeply involved in the compilation of the Siku Quanshu. The personnel structure of the Bureau was marked by diversity, intersectionality, and complexity. The distribution of officials’ native places closely overlapped with that of Qing dynasty jinshi degree-holders and officials presented at court during the Qianlong reign. While the majority of officials were jinshi, some juren and other officials on the zhongzheng List were also included. The largest numbers of officials were recruited from the cohorts of the metropolitan examinations held in the 34th, 37th, and 40th years of the Qianlong reign. Extensive relational networks existed among the officials, encompassing ties of
colleagueship, native-place associations, shared examination cohorts, and examiner–candidate relationship in the imperial examination.

Reading promotion has become a mainstream service of libraries. Library science needs to study the basic theories of reading promotion. This paper proposes the Theory of Reading Promotion for All(TRPA) as the principle of library reading promotion. The concept of reading promotion for all, established in the reading for all policy of the Chinese government, is the theoretical source of TRPA. TRPA can be divided into two parts: the theory of reading for all and reading promotion. The theoretical characteristics of TRPA are: promoting reading for all through reading promotion, reading promotion for all, reading promotion for reading, and reading promotion as a service.

The theory of value co-creation provides strong theoretical support for subject collaboration, resource sharing, and channel development in the integration of culture and tourism in public libraries. Drawing on this theory, the paper explores the underlying mechanisms and basic forms of cultural tourism integration in public libraries, and further investigates key challenges in the process of value co-creation, such as underdeveloped branding with limited audience appeal, low user engagement, and rigid operational models with unsatisfactory promotional outcomes. To address these issues, the paper proposes that public libraries should build distinctive cultural-tourism integration brands, revitalize unique library resources, and enhance the social influence of their cultural-tourism initiatives. Additionally, it suggests establishing user participation incentive mechanisms, leveraging the leadership role of special user groups in co-creating cultural-tourism value, and increasing user engagement. Lastly, it advocates for the development of a collaborative service network involving multiple stakeholders, the creation of integrated online promotional platforms and offline culturaltourism hubs, and the expansion of promotional outreach.

Under the strategic framework of national reading promotion, public libraries are facing increasing challenges such as lack multi-center governance structures, fragment digital ecosystem, backward intelligent service, deficient allscenario networks, and differentiated needs. These challenges call for a reconstruction of service models through collaborative mechanisms. Drawing on collaborative theory, this paper proposes a five-dimensional framework which comprises actors, resources, technology, services, and users,and employs literature review and case analysis to examine effective collaborative strategies. It suggests that public libraries should adopt an evolutionary collaborative pathway of “actor-driven coordination, resource integration, technology empowerment, service delivery, and demand feedback”. To overcome existing barriers, five strategic directions are proposed：embracing multi-center governance, reconstructing the digital ecosystem, enhancing intelligent service delivery, extending network coverage across all scenarios, and incorporating user-driven feedback to optimize collaboration and service efficiency.

Large Language Models (LLMs) can assist professionals in conducting novelty retrieval for scientific and technological projects, thereby improving both the efficiency and quality of the retrieval process. This paper explores the potential of LLMs in supporting novelty retrieval and summarizes four application paradigms: using LLMs to analyze novelty points and construct search queries; employing LLMs to expand and identify novelty retrieval search terms; leveraging LLMs to compare technical similarities and differences across the literature; and directly applying LLMs to retrieve closely related patent documents. Drawing on practical novelty retrieval cases, the study validates the feasibility and advancement of LLM-assisted approaches and further explains aspects of their working mechanisms. Finally, the paper proposes recommendations for developing domain-specific large models for novelty retrieval, including: enhancing the cross-disciplinary adaptability of LLMs to build more versatile models; improving their capacity to interpret the deeper meanings of literature; increasing model interpretability and transparency; and establishing mechanisms for continuous learning and updating.

Zhejiang Library holds two letters from Zhang Zongxiang to Zhou Dafu, concerning their mutual borrowing and transcription of books. This paper interprets the content of these letters and examines their writing dates. On this basis, it investigates the source text used by Zhang and Zhou in transcribing Guo Que. Taking as examples Zhang Zongxiang’s copies of Wanli Cha An, Qing Suo Gao Yi, Li Xu, and Taihe Zhengyin Pu in Zhejiang Library, the paper discusses Zhang’s distinctive transcription characteristics through the analysis of their transmission history and textual value. In addition, based on the prefaces and records of book dispersal in Zhou Dafu’s Guo Que manuscript, it supplements Zhou’s biography regarding his official duties and physical condition around 1926.

Since the early 1990s, the library field has begun to explore issues related to the environment and sustainability, giving rise to the concept of “green libraries,” which has since evolved into a global movement. While the understanding and implementation of green libraries vary across regions and institutions, the IFLA Guidelines for Green Libraries, compiled by the IFLA Section on Environment, Sustainability and Libraries, offer a unified framework for practice. The Guidelines outline five core principles: community engagement, accessibility and inclusion, resource efficiency, information and communication technology, and buildings and equipment. They also elaborate on seven key areas: staff training and development; operations and maintenance; collections; services and programs; legal, ethical, and cultural considerations; library buildings and equipment; and monitoring and evaluation. The paper assesses the value of the Guidelines from both an industry and societal perspective, which provides a vital textual foundation for future collaboration in related fields.

This paper systematically reviews the application of RFID technology in modern library shelving systems. In light of the recent emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as a foundational technology, the paper examines the convergence of modern bookshelf functionalities with AI capabilities, and explores the future directions of smart bookshelf development. It proposes that a next-generation smart bookshelf service system driven by humanoid robots should be built around five key functional dimensions：intelligent data collection, platform integration, autonomous management, virtual visualization, and user-centered services. These functions aim to reconstruct library workflows and enable seamless integration of AI technologies across library service platforms. Ultimately, such smart functionalities are to be implemented in intelligent terminals, including humanoid robots and smart bookshelves.

This paper adopts an online research method, conducting a nationwide survey of public library websites and on-site visits to 11 public libraries in Henan Province. It analyzes the practical progress and research status of youth reading services in China, focusing on the concrete practices of domestic libraries in this area. The study finds that current youth reading services in public libraries face several issues, such as the lack of specific legal frameworks for youth, insufficient service targeting, and weak connections between reading activities and society. To address these challenges, the paper proposes strengthening legal guarantees for youth reading services for ages 12–18, enriching collections and spatial resources, improving lending mechanisms, and expanding both the number and diversity of reading activities.

This paper employs in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys to examine the sustainable operation of new public reading spaces in Hangzhou that are supported by social participation. Based on the findings, the paper summarizes the operational experiences of these spaces from four perspectives: innovative service initiatives, marginal profitability exploration, policy and resource support, and diversified supply models. While new public reading spaces in Hangzhou are actively pursuing differentiated development paths, they also face challenges to long-term sustainability. In response, and in line with the requiremerts for the short-, medium-, and long-term development stages of public reading spaces, the paper proposes targeted strategies, including optimizing services and refining policies, advancing the construction of a “reading community” and collaborative networks, and fostering capacity building, technological advancement, and innovation-driven growth.

Alibrary’s social media image consists of self-created image and other-created image. This paper utilizes Python to collect data from the officialWeChat service account of Dongguan Library and user reviews from Dianping.com. Using KHCoder and Gephi, topic cluster maps and high-frequency keyword co-occurrence networks were generated for both the WeChat content and reviews on Dianping.com. The analysis reveals a clear discrepancy：while Dongguan Library aims to present a modernized image focused on up-to-date collections and public services, readers still predominantly perceive it as a traditional library centered on offline services. To bridge this gap between the library’s self-created image and other-created image, the paper recommends two strategies：developing a multi-dimensional promotional approach to enhance public understanding of the library, and optimizing resources and services to build a stronger, culturally resonant library brand.

Using the Wonderful Night at the Library reading promotion event at Changsha Library as a case study, this paper outlines the activity and analyzes its innovative features in five key areas: reading environments, content design, reading formats, modes of parent-child participation, and collaborative partnerships. The paper proposes optimization strategies including: enhancing thematic design and immersive storytelling to expand the scope of content; innovating interactive reading formats and promoting cross-media integration; strengthening parent-child engagement with ageappropriate interactive activities; and advancing cross-sector collaboration and resource integration to broaden partnership networks. These strategies aim to support the sustainable development of children’ s immersive reading promotion in public libraries.

Yilin, compiled by Ma Zong during the Tang Dynasty, is an anthology of excerpts from pre-Qin philosophers and post - Han dynasty texts. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been collated and annotated by multiple scholars. Zhang Zongxiang, devoted to the preservation and collation of ancient texts, transcribed and collated Yilin three times. Zhejiang Library preserves two of Zhang’s collated manuscript copies, containing his annotations, colophons, transcriptions of Tan Xian’s collations, and numerous other scholarly inscriptions. This paper provides an overview of Zhang’s collated manuscript copies, systematically traces the textual lineage of Volume VI of Yilin, examines the full process of Zhang’s three transcription-collation efforts, explores his collation characteristics, and highlights the scholarly value of his transcriptions and annotations.

绿色图书馆；可持续发展目标；环境可持续性；肯尼亚

The government’s purchase of operation services is a key initiative in advancing the high-quality development of public cultural services in China and holds significant value in deepening social participation in the construction of public cultural facilities. This paper reviews the opportunities, objectives, processes, and key elements involved when grassroots public libraries adopt government procurement to implement entrusted operations. It further analyzes the practical experiences of different entrustment models, and proposes clear responsibilities and boundaries for governments, public libraries, and contracted enterprises, along with suggestions for selecting service providers, so as to offer policy references for decision-makers and libraries considering entrusted operations.

The discovery of the reprinted edition of the Gazetteer of Mount Potalaka, dating back to the 26th year of the Wanli reign（1598）and housed in the Japanese Cabinet Library, holds great significance. A comparative analysis between the 17th year of Wanli（1589）edition and the Recompiled Gazetteer of Mount Putuo from the 35th year of Wanli（1607） reveals that the 1598 reprint contains numerous textual additions and omissions, as well as notable differences in structure. These variations offer new perspectives for research on Mount Putuo’ s history, the development and decline of its temples, and its geographical features. Due to its unique bibliographic value, this edition serves as an important supplement to extant gazetteers of Mount Putuo in China and provides a fresh reference point for ongoing historical and cultural studies of the region.

Promoting the reading of local literature is one of the more challenging tasks in public library services. The rise of media convergence has opened up multi-dimensional and innovative opportunities for this endeavor. Based on Lasswell’s 5W communication model, this paper systematically examines the transformations in the five core elements of local literature reading promotion under a converged media environment：communicator（Who）, content（Says What）, channel（In Which Channel）, audience（To Whom）, and effect（With What Effect）. It proposes innovative strategies in five key dimensions—collaborative participation, content innovation, channel diversification, user engagement, and impact evaluation—and outlines a systematic support mechanism aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of local literature reading promotion, thereby contributing to the preservation and development of local culture.

Marketing planning talents play a critical role in enhancing the brand recognition of public libraries and optimizing service offerings, significantly impacting library services. This paper investigates the current status of marketing planning talents in public libraries and identifies several prominent issues: weak marketing awareness and insufficient talent numbers; homogeneous talent structure and inadequate professional skills; underdeveloped training systems and limited career development; and uneven regional development with significant urban–rural disparities. Based on these findings, a competence model for public library marketing planning talents is constructed, defining key elements across knowledge, skills, and personal qualities. The Attribute Hierarchy Model (AHM) is then applied to simulate and rank candidates. Finally, targeted talent selection recommendations are proposed, providing theoretical guidance and practical reference for improving service quality and competitiveness in public libraries.

As an extension of traditional library services and an innovative model of public cultural space, the City’ s Study holds significant practical value in addressing the challenges posed by population aging. Based on a policy framework, this paper takes the City’ s Studies in Wenzhou as a representative case. Using a mixed-methods approach combining longitudinal data tracking and field interviews, it systematically analyzes elderly visitor flow and borrowing volumes from 2021 to 2024. The paper focuses on comparing the top 20 and bottom 20 City’ s Studies in terms of elderly user visits, and deconstructs the development of elderly-friendly reading environments across multiple dimensions, including geographical locations, resource allocation, reading promotion activities, spatial facilities, and opening hours. Based on the empirical findings, the paper proposes targeted optimization strategies for enhancing elderly-friendly reading environments.

Guided by the paradigm of “external history,” this paper takes a holistic approach to examine the social contributions of women library scholars during the Republic of China period（1912—1949）. It reveals that, besides their involvement in library work and academic research, these women actively engaged with broader society. Through their participation in education, support for women’ s emancipation, promotion of scientific and academic innovation, and service in public affairs, they played a vital role in advancing social progress. Their efforts reflect both the intellectual vitality and the sense of social responsibility demonstrated by women librarians amid the broader transformations of modern Chinese society.

Establishing reading spaces within commercial complexes is not only a key national strategy for advancing public cultural services but also a valuable opportunity for public libraries to broaden their service scope. An investigation into the current operations of commercial complexes in China identifies several core conflicts in their collaboration with public libraries—namely, the tension between public interest and commercial goals, the challenge of coordinating efforts while meeting demands for rapid development, and the disconnection between regulatory requirements and insufficient policy support. From a holistic perspective encompassing commercial complexes, public libraries, and local governments, the paper proposes strategies such as stabilizing the financial chains of commercial complexes, reforming public library collaboration mechanisms, and innovating local government investment approaches. These strategies aim to promote effective cooperation, achieve mutual benefits, and drive the high-quality development of public cultural services.