Zhang Zongxiang made outstanding contributions to the preservation and promotion of traditional culture. Throughout his life, he transcribed more than 9,000 volumes, most of which were unpublished or rare editions. Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu is a catalog of his “hand-copied books”, but it does not cover all of his hand-copied works. This paper examines the extant versions of Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu, verifies its compilation date, and supplements two entries—Sanfu Huangtu and Ni Wenzheng Gong Ji—omitted from the punctuated edition. It also discusses the relationship between Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu, Tie Ruyi Guan Suibi（Random Notes）, and the postscripts in the books. Based on collections in Zhejiang Library, the National Library of China, and other institutions, the paper further provides textual supplements for 40 books missing from Tie Ruyi Guan Shouchao Shumu.

Taking Yuyao Library as a case study, this paper analyzes its collaborative practices with volunteer teams, educational and training institutions, universities, enterprises, and higher-level libraries in promoting children’s reading. It identifies four cooperation models: service procurement, project co-construction, public welfare support, and resource sharing. By outlining the characteristics of each model and examining representative cases, the paper explores pathways for enhancing children’s reading promotion in public libraries, including formulating stratified and targeted cooperation strategies, establishing flexible management mechanisms adapted to children’s reading characteristics, advancing digital collaborative innovation, and developing multi-dimensional evaluation systems. The findings aim to provide practical references for strengthening children’s reading promotion in Chinese public libraries.

The rural public cultural services often face a development dilemma of exogenous forces. Through an investigation of the development practices of rural cultural cooperatives in Henan Province, this paper explores the endogenous development mechanisms of rural public cultural services. The findings indicate that such endogenous development relies on three foundational bases: institutional frameworks, local cultural resources, and technological support. On this basis, the endogenous development of rural public cultural services is realized through three core mechanisms: autonomy, collaboration, and resource sharing.

Digital twin technology demonstrates significant development potential, and its application in the construction of smart libraries can further drive the transformation of libraries. This paper explains the concept and characteristics of digital twin technology, elaborating on the components of digital twin smart libraries from four aspects: library physical entities, digital twin models, digital twin service systems, and library twin big data. The application scenarios of digital twin smart libraries are described from three perspectives: twin librarian services, virtual creative spaces, and digital memory platforms. Finally, the operational mechanisms of digital twin smart libraries are explored from three dimensions: demand-driven mechanisms, innovation-driven mechanisms, and collaborative mechanisms.

The renovation of existing buildings provides an effective pathway for the construction of public libraries, offering significant benefits for rapidly expanding library coverage and promoting the high-quality development of services. This paper selects 19 cases of existing building renovations from both domestic and international sources through online searches and literature review. Based on case analysis and synthesis, it concludes that the renovation process should adhere to three basic principles: historical preservation, practicality, and cost-effectiveness. The paper also outlines implementation strategies for converting existing buildings into libraries from four perspectives: setting, architecture, function, and facilities. Additionally, it explores four approaches for promoting the high-quality implementation of renovation models: integration-driven, expertise-driven, efficiency-driven, and collaboration-driven.

As the primary medium through which the government advances nationwide reading campaigns, policies related to nationwide reading play a pivotal role in promoting reading across China. Based on 409 policy documents, this paper constructs a content classification framework and conducts a quantitative analysis of thematic features and policy instrument types at the national, provincial, and municipal levels. The analysis reveals that China’ s nationwide reading policies mainly emphasize publicity, guidance, and reading activities, while content related to support and safeguard mechanisms remains relatively weak. Clear differences exist in the use of policy tools across levels: national-level policies tend to adopt mandatory instruments, provincial-level policies focus on incentive-based tools, and municipallevel policies predominantly rely on informational means. The frequency of policy issuance is closely linked to major national events and shows an overall declining trend, although the thematic distribution of policies is highly consistent across the three levels. Based on these findings, the paper recommends establishing a multi-level policy coordination mechanism, developing a tiered resource allocation model, incorporating public feedback from nationwide reading participants into the policy-making process, and building a policy pilot and dynamic adjustment mechanism.

Social memory, as a carrier of historical continuity and cultural identity, plays a central role in maintaining the continuity of civilization. Currently, libraries’ engagement with social memory remains largely confined to the traditional archival paradigms, lacking systematic theoretical frameworks and innovative practical mechanisms. This paper introduces the concept of “social memory-oriented special collections” and constructs a four-dimensional driving model—standardization, connotation, collaboration, and integration—based on the SECI model. Using the Zhejiang Folk Literature Special Collection at Hangzhou City University as a case study, the paper demonstrates how process and mechanism innovations can excavate regional cultural values and promote knowledge restructuring and innovation. The paper further proposes that the service practice of special collection resources should be deeply integrated into the university educational ecosystem, enabling the dynamic construction of social memory through research services, scenario-based education, and cultural dissemination.

Inclusive non-basic public cultural services are a distinctive feature of new public cultural spaces and an important means of fulfilling the public's desire for a better cultural life. This paper reviews the development status of inclusive non-basic public cultural services in new public cultural spaces, using Hefei’s urban reading space as a case study. It examines the foundational guarantees, organizational implementation, operational effectiveness, and innovative highlights of these services. The paper also identifies the shortcomings in the provision of inclusive non-basic public cultural services and proposes strategies for their development: strengthening talent development, continuously enhancing the appeal of non-basic cultural service projects and products, improving the comprehensiveness and feasibility of related policies, and leveraging the government’s role in macro-control and strong guidance. This research offers valuable insights for the development of a universal, equal, and characteristic public cultural service system in China.

With the rapid development of digital humanities, the protection and transmission of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) urgently require innovative approaches. Focusing on Tujia bamboo carving, this paper, grounded in the theoretical framework of digital humanities and employing gamified design through the Unity engine, reconstructs a knowledge service system for ICH. By analyzing the historical and cultural significance as well as the craftsmanship of Tujia bamboo carving, it develops an immersive virtual simulation game that transforms traditional craft knowledge into interactive and experiential digital services. It indicates that gamification not only enhances users’ active learning and emotional engagement with ICH knowledge, but also facilitates its dynamic dissemination and co-creation through virtual environments, task mechanisms, and social functions. This paper offers practical insights into reconstructing ICH knowledge services from a digital humanities perspective and provides theoretical support for innovating interdisciplinary models of cultural transmission.

The paper verifies biographical information on the majority of officials in the Siku Quanshu Compilation Bureau , including their native places and the years in which they attained their highest degree in the imperial examination system, and examines the distributional characteristics of their institutional affiliations, native places, degrees, and the timing of their highest examination achievements. The findings reveal that the Siku Quanshu Compilation Bureau was established in accordance with existing institutional norms, with the Hanlin Academy as its core, and relied heavily on officials drawn from multiple central agencies. Selection was primarily conducted through institutions rather than individuals. The Grand Council was deeply involved in the compilation of the Siku Quanshu. The personnel structure of the Bureau was marked by diversity, intersectionality, and complexity. The distribution of officials’ native places closely overlapped with that of Qing dynasty jinshi degree-holders and officials presented at court during the Qianlong reign. While the majority of officials were jinshi, some juren and other officials on the zhongzheng List were also included. The largest numbers of officials were recruited from the cohorts of the metropolitan examinations held in the 34th, 37th, and 40th years of the Qianlong reign. Extensive relational networks existed among the officials, encompassing ties of
colleagueship, native-place associations, shared examination cohorts, and examiner–candidate relationship in the imperial examination.

Public libraries serve as key platforms for knowledge dissemination and cultural exchange. Leveraging new media to present their image to the international community helps foster global cultural exchange and mutual understanding. By analyzing the intrinsic relationship between public perception in new media communication and IFLA award-winning cases of public libraries in China, this study identifies emerging trends such as high-quality development, social engagement, and digital-intelligent innovation. Furthermore, it proposes new media strategies for enhancing the international image of public libraries, including "beyond communication", "cross-sector integration", and "digitalintelligent empowerment."

In the new era, digital intelligence literacy has become an essential component of personal core competencies and exerts a profound influence on children’s growth and development. Hence, children’s digital intelligence literacy education requires urgent attention. Based on child psychology, this paper analyzes the developmental stages of children’s digital intelligence literacy and, drawing on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives, it constructs an educational framework across three dimensions: digital intelligence cognition, digital intelligence skills, and digital intelligence ethics. Specifically, digital intelligence cognition includes awareness, identity, and culture; digital intelligence skills comprise knowledge, competence, and thinking; and digital intelligence ethics encompasses safety, psychology, and social contact. Furthermore, the paper proposes pathways for public libraries to implement children’s digital intelligence literacy education, including building multi-source resource systems, creating hybrid learning spaces, innovating service models, and enhancing librarians’ capacity for digital intelligence services.

The legislative information services offered by the Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province include three main aspects: regular information bulletins to meet the basic daily information needs, specialized research support to provide in-depth services in specific areas, and a special service for the "Two Sessions" to offer comprehensive information at key time points. After years of development, the library has achieved significant progress in streamlining communication and feedback channels, establishing a professional service team, innovating service models, and setting up standardized service systems. Legislative information services in public libraries can be improved through the optimization of resource development, shared cooperation mechanisms, enhanced information circulation, and the promotion of collaborative efforts.

This paper is based on the design practices of space navigation systems in public libraries both in China and abroad. It first introduces typical cases of space navigation systems in the Seattle Public Library, Guangzhou Library, and the State Library of Victoria in Australia. Then, analyzes the design aspects of these systems in four areas: planning and design, functional layout, visual form, and image positioning. Finally, proposed design recommendations for public library space navigation systems.

Using the collaborative themed banquets featuring local celebrites between Jiaxing Library and the DoubleTree by Hilton Jiaxing as a case study, this paper explores how public libraries can infuse international hotels with cultural depth through cultural resources development and cultural activities planning. The cooperative practice demonstrates that such a model not only enhances the cultural refinement and market competitiveness of hotels, but also revitalizes and utilizes library resources, offering a replicable model for cultural–tourism integration.

Digital inclusion, with its characteristics of eliminating new forms of inequality and achieving economic and social inclusion, is an important component of socially inclusive development. As inclusive spaces in modern society, public libraries have the mission of ensuring citizens' equal and free access to information and knowledge. In the digital age, digital inclusion can be understood as a new mission for public libraries. This paper systematically reviews the service targets, content, and ways of digital inclusion services in Chinese public libraries, summarizes the shortcomings of current practices, and proposes targeted solutions, such as raising awareness, expanding service targets, and enriching service content and formats, to enhance the level of digital inclusion services in Chinese public libraries.

Rural cultural revitalization provides intellectual support and cultural leadership for rural revitalization. As public cultural service institutions that help bridge the cultural gap between urban and rural areas, grassroots libraries should play a key role in supporting rural cultural revitalization. However, grassroots libraries face several challenges, including the absence of standard regulations, uneven resource allocation, limited digital empowerment, incomplete operational mechanisms, and a lack of innovation awareness. To address these issues, it is crucial to establish regulations, optimize resource allocation, strengthen technological applications, improve operational mechanisms, and foster innovation awareness.

In the context of information development and digital upgrading, transitioning to smart libraries has become the development trend for libraries. As an essential technical support for building smart libraries, the data middle platform plays a crucial role. This paper explores the origin and concept of the data middle platform, as well as current explorations and research in the field. It provides a detailed description of the bottom-up four-layer architecture of the data middle platform in smart libraries: data collection, data systems, data assets, and data services. Additionally, the paper discusses its application scenarios in smart libraries, including business middle platforms, BI systems, intelligent search, personalized recommendations, and management service optimization. Finally, it identifies the development trends of data middle platforms in smart libraries and outlines future challenges and responses in terms of data quality, privacy and security, and technical complexity.

Alibrary’s social media image consists of self-created image and other-created image. This paper utilizes Python to collect data from the officialWeChat service account of Dongguan Library and user reviews from Dianping.com. Using KHCoder and Gephi, topic cluster maps and high-frequency keyword co-occurrence networks were generated for both the WeChat content and reviews on Dianping.com. The analysis reveals a clear discrepancy：while Dongguan Library aims to present a modernized image focused on up-to-date collections and public services, readers still predominantly perceive it as a traditional library centered on offline services. To bridge this gap between the library’s self-created image and other-created image, the paper recommends two strategies：developing a multi-dimensional promotional approach to enhance public understanding of the library, and optimizing resources and services to build a stronger, culturally resonant library brand.

Zhejiang Library holds two letters from Zhang Zongxiang to Zhou Dafu, concerning their mutual borrowing and transcription of books. This paper interprets the content of these letters and examines their writing dates. On this basis, it investigates the source text used by Zhang and Zhou in transcribing Guo Que. Taking as examples Zhang Zongxiang’s copies of Wanli Cha An, Qing Suo Gao Yi, Li Xu, and Taihe Zhengyin Pu in Zhejiang Library, the paper discusses Zhang’s distinctive transcription characteristics through the analysis of their transmission history and textual value. In addition, based on the prefaces and records of book dispersal in Zhou Dafu’s Guo Que manuscript, it supplements Zhou’s biography regarding his official duties and physical condition around 1926.

The theory of value co-creation provides strong theoretical support for subject collaboration, resource sharing, and channel development in the integration of culture and tourism in public libraries. Drawing on this theory, the paper explores the underlying mechanisms and basic forms of cultural tourism integration in public libraries, and further investigates key challenges in the process of value co-creation, such as underdeveloped branding with limited audience appeal, low user engagement, and rigid operational models with unsatisfactory promotional outcomes. To address these issues, the paper proposes that public libraries should build distinctive cultural-tourism integration brands, revitalize unique library resources, and enhance the social influence of their cultural-tourism initiatives. Additionally, it suggests establishing user participation incentive mechanisms, leveraging the leadership role of special user groups in co-creating cultural-tourism value, and increasing user engagement. Lastly, it advocates for the development of a collaborative service network involving multiple stakeholders, the creation of integrated online promotional platforms and offline culturaltourism hubs, and the expansion of promotional outreach.

This paper employs in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys to examine the sustainable operation of new public reading spaces in Hangzhou that are supported by social participation. Based on the findings, the paper summarizes the operational experiences of these spaces from four perspectives: innovative service initiatives, marginal profitability exploration, policy and resource support, and diversified supply models. While new public reading spaces in Hangzhou are actively pursuing differentiated development paths, they also face challenges to long-term sustainability. In response, and in line with the requiremerts for the short-, medium-, and long-term development stages of public reading spaces, the paper proposes targeted strategies, including optimizing services and refining policies, advancing the construction of a “reading community” and collaborative networks, and fostering capacity building, technological advancement, and innovation-driven growth.

Based on an overview of user feedback, human-machine collaboration, and the current research status of human-machine collaboration in smart libraries, this article discusses the advantages of a human-machine collaborative service model based on user feedback in four areas: improving the quality and efficiency of knowledge services, enhancing the user experience in knowledge interaction, promoting the professional development and digital skills of librarians, and improving data-driven decision-making efficiency. The article outlines the construction of the human-machine collaborative service model in four areas: user demand analysis, user service module design, human-machine collaboration mechanisms, and user privacy and security protection. Finally, the article summarizes the measures for constructing this model from three perspectives: digital service support systems, human-machine service teams, and innovative methods for publicity and promotion. The goal is to comprehensively enhance the efficiency of knowledge services and user satisfaction in smart libraries.

The 4V marketing theory holds significant value in the short-form video marketing of public libraries. In its Douyin short-form video operations, the Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province adopts the four key points of the 4V marketing theory: differentiation, functionality, added value, and resonance. These principles guide its approach by integrating trending topics with reading promotion, clearly defining a path for differentiated marketing; offering diverse content to expand the various functions of short-form videos; shaping a creative brand around traditional culture to enhance the added value of its videos; and fulfilling user expectations to create lasting resonance between users and the library. Drawing from this successful experience, public libraries should adopt differentiated marketing strategies based on user interests and their own strengths during short-form video marketing; diversify video themes and content to provide flexible functional services; innovate technologies and marketing approaches to establish distinctive video brands; and continuously optimize user experiences to maximize the value and impact of short-form videos.

Since the early 1990s, the library field has begun to explore issues related to the environment and sustainability, giving rise to the concept of “green libraries,” which has since evolved into a global movement. While the understanding and implementation of green libraries vary across regions and institutions, the IFLA Guidelines for Green Libraries, compiled by the IFLA Section on Environment, Sustainability and Libraries, offer a unified framework for practice. The Guidelines outline five core principles: community engagement, accessibility and inclusion, resource efficiency, information and communication technology, and buildings and equipment. They also elaborate on seven key areas: staff training and development; operations and maintenance; collections; services and programs; legal, ethical, and cultural considerations; library buildings and equipment; and monitoring and evaluation. The paper assesses the value of the Guidelines from both an industry and societal perspective, which provides a vital textual foundation for future collaboration in related fields.

绿色图书馆；可持续发展目标；环境可持续性；肯尼亚